Can a before-school physical activity program decrease bullying victimization in disadvantaged children? The Active-Start Study / ¿Puede un programa de actividad física antes de la escuela disminuir la victimización por bullying en niños desfavorecidos? Estudio Active-Start

Background/Objective: To test the effectiveness of an 8-week before-school physical activity program to reduce bullying victimization among a group of socially disadvantaged children in the Active-Start study. Method: A non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in three public schools classified as highly vulnerable and located in a deprived area of Santiago (Chile). A total of 5 classes participated, totaling 170 fourth grade children. The intervention was delivered before starting the first school-class (8:00-8:30 a.m.). The program lasted for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measurement on bullying victimization was assessed by the CUBE questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the probability of suffering physical bullying (OR= 0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.82; p= .027) and verbal bullying (OR=0.13, 95% CI, 0.02-0.97; p= .046) after the 8-week program. Conclusions: Participation in an 8-week before-school physical activity intervention implemented in schools located in a disadvantaged district in Santiago (Chile) resulted in lower levels of bullying victimization among study participants. The Active-Start program may be a feasible and potentially scalable intervention option to improve the climate and pro-sociality environment at schools

Antecedentes/Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de actividad física antes de la escuela de ocho semanas para reducir el bullying en niños en desventaja social del estudio Active-Start. Método: Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorio no ciego en tres escuelas públicas vulnerables y ubicadas en Santiago (Chile), con un total de cinco clases e incluyendo 170 niños de Cuarto Grado. La intervención de ocho semanas se realizó cinco veces por semana antes de comenzar la primera clase (8:00-8:30 a.m.). La medida de resultado primaria fue la victimización por bullying evaluado a través del cuestionario CUBE al inicio y después de la intervención. Resultados: Hubo una reducción estadísticamente significativa en la probabilidad de sufrir bullying físico (OR= 0,18, IC 95%, 0,04-0,82; p= 0,027) y verbal (OR= 0,13, IC 95%, 0,02-0,97; p= 0,046) después del programa de ocho semanas. Conclusiones: La participación en una intervención de actividad física antes de la escuela de ocho semanas implementada en escuelas ubicadas en una comuna desfavorecida en Santiago (Chile) dio lugar a niveles más bajos de victimización por bullying entre sus participantes. El programa Active-Start puede ser una opción de intervención viable y potencialmente escalable para mejorar el clima y el ambiente escolar

Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether or not and to what extent the association between sedentary time and frailty was moderated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Community-dwelling individuals. PARTICIPANTS: 749 (403 females and 346 males) white older adults. MEASUREMENTS: Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured with accelerometers. Frailty was objectively measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, marital status, body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS: The regression model reported a significant effect of sedentary time on frailty (P < .05). Nevertheless, the results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderates the relationship between frailty status and sedentary time. The Johnson-Neyman technique determined that the estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity point was 27.25 minutes/d, from which sedentary time has no significant effect on frailty. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is a moderator in the relationship between sedentary time and frailty in older adults, offsetting the harmful effects of sedentary behavior with 27 minutes/d of moderate-to-vigorous activity. Engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities should be encouraged. Reducing sedentary behavior may also be beneficial, particularly among inactive older adults.

Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched from January 1, 2010, through July 31, 2017, for studies that met the following criteria: (1) prospective studies conducted in adults, (2) with outcome data on CVD incidence and (3) a measure of ideal CVH metrics. RESULTS: Twelve studies (210,443 adults) were included in this analysis. Compared with adults who met 0 to 2 of the ideal CVH metrics (high-risk individuals), a significantly lower hazard for CVD incidence was observed in those who had 3 to 4 points for the ideal CVH metrics (hazard ratio [HR]=0.53; 95% CI, 0.47-0.59) and 5 to 7 points (HR=0.28; 95% CI, 0.23-0.33). Weaker associations were observed in studies with older individuals, suggesting that there is a positive relationship between age and HR. CONCLUSION: Although meeting 5 to 7 metrics is associated with the lowest hazard for CVD incidence, meeting 3 to 4 metrics still offers an important protective effect for CVD. Therefore, a realistic goal in the general population in the short term could be to promote at least an intermediate ideal CVH profile (3 to 4 metrics).

Validation of a Video Analysis Software Package for Quantifying Movement Velocity in Resistance Exercises.

Sañudo, B, Rueda, D, del Pozo-Cruz, B, de Hoyo, M, and Carrasco, L. Validation of a video analysis software package for quantifying movement velocity in resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2934-2941, 2016-The aim of this study was to establish the validity of a video analysis software package in measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and the maximal velocity during bench press. Twenty-one healthy males (21 ± 1 year) with weight training experience were recruited, and the MPV and the maximal velocity of the concentric phase (Vmax) were compared with a linear position transducer system during a standard bench press exercise. Participants performed a 1 repetition maximum test using the supine bench press exercise. The testing procedures involved the simultaneous assessment of bench press propulsive velocity using 2 kinematic (linear position transducer and semi-automated tracking software) systems. High Pearson's correlation coefficients for MPV and Vmax between both devices (r = 0.473 to 0.993) were observed. The intraclass correlation coefficients for barbell velocity data and the kinematic data obtained from video analysis were high (>0.79). In addition, the low coefficients of variation indicate that measurements had low variability. Finally, Bland-Altman plots with the limits of agreement of the MPV and Vmax with different loads showed a negative trend, which indicated that the video analysis had higher values than the linear transducer. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the software used for the video analysis was an easy to use and cost-effective tool with a very high degree of concurrent validity. This software can be used to evaluate changes in velocity of training load in resistance training, which may be important for the prescription and monitoring of training programmes.

Impact of physical activity on psychological distress: a prospective analysis of an Australian national sample.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the individual-level associations between participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological distress levels using a large, nationally representative, longitudinal sample and multivariable panel regression models. METHODS: We used 3 waves of panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, consisting of 34 000 observations from 17 000 individuals and covering 2007, 2009, and 2011. We used fixed-effects panel regression models accounting for observable and unobservable confounders to examine the relationships between the weekly frequency of MVPA and summary measures of psychological distress based on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. RESULTS: We found substantial and highly statistically significant associations between the frequency of MVPA and different indicators of psychological distress. Frequent participation in MVPA reduces psychological distress and decreases the likelihood of falling into a high-risk category. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of placing physical activity at the core of health promotion initiatives aimed at preventing and remedying psychological discomfort.

Fiabilidad de un test isométrico de rodilla en mujerescon fibromialgia mediante test-retest de 12 semanas / Reliability of an isometric knee test in women with fibromialgia using the 12-week test-retest

Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad del pico torque obtenido conun protocolo de valoración de la fuerza isométrica de flexores y extensores de rodilla.Material y método: Un total de 16 mujeres con fibromialgia (FM) (edad 54,9 ± 12,1) participaronen este estudio. El diseño consistió en un test-retest de 12 semanas de duración y laevaluación del pico torque isométrico se realizó con un dinamómetro isocinético (Biodexsystem 3). La evaluación consistió en 3 acciones máximas de contracción isométrica de losmúsculos extensores y flexores de rodilla. Se calcularon los índices de fiabilidad relativa(mediante coeficiente de correlación intraclase o CCI) y absoluta (mediante error estándarde medida o SEM y mínima diferencia real o SRD).Resultados y conclusión: El pico torque isométrico evaluado a través del dinamómetro isocinéticoes replicable tanto para los flexores como para los extensores de la rodilla. Este estudio muestradatos sobre el mínimo cambio real del pico torque en acciones isométricas de los extensoresy flexores de rodilla, que pueden ayudar en la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos enterapias basadas en actividad física, en personas con FM, de varias semanas de duración.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of peak torque assessed using an isometric strength protocol of knee flexor and extensor muscles.Material and methods: A total of 16 women with Fibromyalgia (FM) (aged 54.9 ± 12.1) participated in this study. The design consisted of a 12-week test-retest, and isometric peak torque was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex system 3). The evaluation consisted of 3 maximal isometric contractions of knee extensor and flexor muscles. Relative intraclass correlation coefficient ICC) and absolute (standard error of measurement SEM and smallest real difference SRD) reliability indices were calculated.Result and conclusions: Isometric peak torque assessed using isokinetic dynamometer is reliable in knee flexor and extensor muscles. This study presents data on the smallest real difference of peak torque in isometric actions of knee flexor and extensor muscles, which can help interpreting results obtained in physical activity based therapies in individuals with FM of several weeks duration.

A primary care-based randomized controlled trial of 12-week whole-body vibration for balance improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a 12-week whole-body vibration (WBV) training program improved balance in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Primary health care setting. PARTICIPANTS: Participants with T2DM (N=50). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly allocated to either a WBV group (n=25), which performed a 12-week WBV-based exercise program on an oscillating platform (12-16Hz-4mm; 3 sessions/wk), or a usual-care control group (n=25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and sociodemographic variables were recorded at baseline. Static balance and dynamic balance were also assessed at baseline by measuring postural sway (measurement of center of pressure [COP] excursions in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions) using a Wii Balance Board and the Timed Up and Go test. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences in COP excursions with participants' eyes closed were found with their feet apart and feet together. In addition, participants in the WBV group exhibited significantly lower COP excursions with their eyes closed after the intervention, while participants in the control group experienced a nonsignificant deterioration in COP excursions (ie, greater excursion) with their eyes open (mediolateral axis). There was no significant difference in the Timed Up and Go test values postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: WBV provides a safe and well-tolerated approach to improve balance in participants with T2DM. These findings may have important implications for falls prevention in those with T2DM in the primary health care setting.

La versión de STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) al español en diversos subgrupos / The Spanish version of the “STarT Back Screening Tool” (SBST) in different subgroups

ObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio fue traducir y adaptar culturalmente la versión original del STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) al español en diversos subgrupos de población.EmplazamientoCentros de Atención Primaria.DiseñoTraducción y adaptación de un cuestionario.MétodoTreinta y ocho personas, distribuidos por: género, adultos y ancianos, y con o sin dolor. Fases: a) la traducción (inglés-español); b) evaluación de la claridad, la aceptabilidad y la familiaridad de los contenidos de la versión en español obtenidos por medio de entrevistas cognitivas a los participantes, y c) retro-traducción de la versión final en español del cuestionario de nuevo en el idioma original.ResultadosLos participantes entrevistados indicaron que los ítems del cuestionario fueron claros y comprensibles en la mayoría de ellos, mostrando una mayor dificultad de comprensión de las dimensiones de la discapacidad y la ansiedad. Además, el cuestionario ha mostrado mayor dificultad de comprensión en los ancianos y las personas con un anterior episodio de dolor lumbar.ConclusiónSe obtuvo la versión española del cuestionario SBST. El cuestionario español SBST ha demostrado ser comprensible y adaptado a la población general en España. Debido a su nivel más bajo y facilidad de uso es una herramienta potencialmente útil para su uso en Atención Primaria(AU)

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the original version of the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) to Spanish for different population subgroups.DesignTranslation and cultural adaptation of a questionnaire.SettingPrimary care settings.MethodThirty-eight people distributed by: gender; adults and elderly; and with or without pain. Phases: a) Forward translation (English-Spanish); b) Evaluation of the clarity, the acceptability and the familiarity of the content of the obtained Spanish version by means of cognitive interviews to participants, and c) Translation of the final Spanish version of the questionnaire back into the original language.ResultsThe participants interviewed indicated that most of the items of the questionnaire were clear and comprehensible, showing greater difficulty in understanding in the dimensions of disability and anxiety. Furthermore, the questionnaire was more difficult to undertand by the elderly and patients with a previous non-specific low back pain episode.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the SBST questionnaire was obtained, which was shown to be comprehensible and adapted to the general population in Spain. Due to being short and easy to use, it is a potentially useful tool for use in primary care(AU)